{"id":3178,"date":"2025-06-25T08:26:04","date_gmt":"2025-06-25T06:26:04","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/2025.devsector.ch\/academygrainesdepaix\/ressources\/violence-structurelle\/"},"modified":"2025-06-25T08:26:04","modified_gmt":"2025-06-25T06:26:04","slug":"violence-structurelle","status":"publish","type":"ressource","link":"https:\/\/2025.devsector.ch\/academygrainesdepaix\/en\/ressources\/violence-structurelle\/","title":{"rendered":"Violence structurelle"},"content":{"rendered":"<div id=parent-fieldname-text>\n<p><b>Exemples de violences structurelles:<\/b><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\n<p>les discriminations institutionnalis\u00e9es ou pratiqu\u00e9es largement de type racistes, nationalistes, religieuses, sexistes, sexuelles, g\u00e9n\u00e9rationnelles, \u00e9conomiques&#8230;<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>les stigmatisations<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>la marginalisation sociale, \u00e9conomique ou politique,&#8230;<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>la domination<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>l&#8217;exploitation<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>l&#8217;oppression&#8230;<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><b>Origine du terme<\/b><\/p>\n<p>La notion de violence structurelle a \u00e9t\u00e9 introduite en 1971 par <a href=https:\/\/www.grainesdepaix.org\/fr\/ressources\/sinspirer\/auteurs\/galtung_johan target=_self>Johan Galtung<\/a> et Tord Hoivik dans leur article Structural and direct violence: A note on operationalization.<br \/>\n<i>Journal of Peace Research, 8, pp. 73-76.<\/i><\/p>\n<p>Selon &nbsp;Galtung, il y a violence structurelle lorsque les structures &nbsp;politico-\u00e9conomiques emp\u00eachent les individus ou des groupes de r\u00e9aliser &nbsp;leurs potentialit\u00e9s spirituelles ou somatiques.<\/p>\n<p><i>Source: &nbsp;Wolfgang Dietrich*, Paix : A propose de l\u2019histoire difficile d\u2019un mot-cl\u00e9 culturel, sept. 2005.<\/i><\/p>\n<p><i>* &nbsp; Directeur du programme Master of Arts &nbsp;en mati\u00e8re de paix, d\u00e9veloppement, <\/i><br \/>\n<i>&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;s\u00e9curit\u00e9 et transformation &nbsp;internationale des conflits, Universit\u00e9 d\u2019Innsbruck.<\/i><br \/>\n&nbsp;<br \/>\n&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><b>D\u00e9finitions d&#8217;autres sources:<\/b><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>\u201cAtteinte physique et psychologique qui r\u00e9sulte de syst\u00e8mes sociaux politiques et \u00e9conomiques injustes et qui exploitent.\u201d<\/p>\n<p><i>Source: Robert Gilman, Structural violence, Context, chapitre 4, p. 8, 1983<\/i>.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Il faut entendre par violence structurelle tout ce qui d\u00e9truit les &nbsp;hommes dans leur \u00eatre psychique, physique et spirituel de mani\u00e8re &nbsp;anonyme et sans qu&#8217;ils soient agress\u00e9s personnellement par les armes &nbsp;(par exemple, un enfant dou\u00e9 qui est priv\u00e9 d&#8217;\u00e9ducation en raison de son &nbsp;appartenance raciale; un homme qui meurt de faim au milieu d&#8217;une monde &nbsp;abondant en nourriture.) Cette violence creuse un foss\u00e9 consid\u00e9rable &nbsp;entre une r\u00e9alit\u00e9 existante (analphab\u00e9tisme, faim) et une r\u00e9alit\u00e9 &nbsp;possible (\u00e9ducation, sant\u00e9). La r\u00e9duction de la violence structurelle, &nbsp;qui conditionne l&#8217;\u00e9tablissement d&#8217;une paix positive, se fonde sur &nbsp;certaines notions telles que justice sociale, \u00e9quit\u00e9, \u00e9mancipation, &nbsp;participation, libert\u00e9, responsabilit\u00e9, droits de l&#8217;homme et bien-\u00eatre. &nbsp;Elle se rapproche aussi concr\u00e8tement d&#8217;une conception large de la lutte &nbsp;contre le sous-d\u00e9veloppement et l&#8217;autoritarisme.<\/p>\n<p><i>Source : Roy Preiswerk, Que faut-il entendre par recherches pour la paix ? GIPRI ; 1980<\/i><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>La violence symbolique est la dimension culturelle ou communautaire de la violence structurelle, elle \u00e9carte toute solution alternative pour ne garder que la possibilit\u00e9 propos\u00e9e par l\u2019ordre social local comme allant de soi et seule valable.<\/p>\n<p><i>Source: Violences structurelles et violences syst\u00e9miques. La violence ordinaire des rapports sociaux en AfriqueJacky Bouju et Mirjam De BruijnBulletin de l&#8217;APAD, n\u00b0 27-28, Violences sociales et exclusions. Le d\u00e9veloppement social de l&#8217;Afrique en question, 20 juin 2008. &nbsp; <\/i><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Exemples de violences structurelles: les discriminations institutionnalis\u00e9es ou pratiqu\u00e9es largement de type racistes, nationalistes, religieuses, sexistes, sexuelles, g\u00e9n\u00e9rationnelles, \u00e9conomiques&#8230; les [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"featured_media":0,"template":"","tags":[],"ressources-theme":[],"category-ressources":[39],"class_list":["post-3178","ressource","type-ressource","status-publish","hentry","category-ressources-dictionnaire"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v26.8 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Violence structurelle - Academy Fondation Graines de Paix<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"noindex, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Violence structurelle - Academy Fondation Graines de Paix\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Exemples de violences structurelles: les discriminations institutionnalis\u00e9es ou pratiqu\u00e9es largement de type racistes, nationalistes, religieuses, sexistes, sexuelles, g\u00e9n\u00e9rationnelles, \u00e9conomiques&#8230; 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